Numbers as easy note heads
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Easy notation note heads use the note-names property of the NoteHead object to determine what appears inside the note head. By overriding this property, it is possible to print numbers representing the scale-degree.
A simple engraver can be created to do this for every note head object it sees.
\version "2.24.0"
#(define Ez_numbers_engraver
   (make-engraver
    (acknowledgers
     ((note-head-interface engraver grob source-engraver)
      (let* ((context (ly:translator-context engraver))
             (tonic-pitch (ly:context-property context 'tonic))
             (tonic-name (ly:pitch-notename tonic-pitch))
             (grob-pitch
              (ly:event-property (event-cause grob) 'pitch))
             (grob-name (ly:pitch-notename grob-pitch))
             (delta (modulo (- grob-name tonic-name) 7))
             (note-names
              (make-vector 7 (number->string (1+ delta)))))
        (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'note-names note-names))))))
#(set-global-staff-size 26)
\paper { tagline = ##f }
\layout {
  ragged-right = ##t
  \context {
    \Voice
    \consists \Ez_numbers_engraver
  }
}
\relative c' {
  \easyHeadsOn
  c4 d e f
  g4 a b c \break
  \key a \major
  a,4 b cis d
  e4 fis gis a \break
  \key d \dorian
  d,4 e f g
  a4 b c d
}