How to bottom-align texts with different vertical extents
Appearance
Some letters imply smaller vertical extents than the others; if you have, below your staff, two markups with different vertical extents (e.g. one text with letters t,h,l and/or UPPER CASE and one text with a, c, e, n or m), LilyPond will align them to the top by default, thus making it look a bit messy. Therefore, you need to add invisible ascender letters using the \transparent command to make it right.
\version "2.24.0"
%% http://lsr.di.unimi.it/LSR/Item?id=652
\new Staff {
\override TextScript.staff-padding = #4
\override TextScript.self-alignment-X = #CENTER
\textLengthOn
\time 2/4
c'4_\markup { \combine \transparent f WRONG }
c'4_\markup { case }
c'4_\markup { \combine \transparent f RIGHT }
c'4_\markup { \combine \transparent f case }
}